内容简介
本书系统介绍了机器视觉技术在钢铁生产全流程中的关键应用及典型案例。内容包括机器视觉的相关概念、软硬件组成部分、图像处理技术核心原理;适应钢铁行业特殊需求(高温、高速、复杂环境下的检测挑战)的典型应用场景原理及组成部分,包括钢材表面缺陷检测(铸坯、热轧型钢、冷轧带钢、彩涂板等钢材表面各种缺陷检测)、物料识别及检测(物料编码、废钢判级、原料粒度等)、智慧安防及巡检(智慧园区、皮带检测、巡检机器人等);通过河钢集团应用案例展望机器视觉统一快速开发平台、大模型等先进理念技术的应用。
本书可为钢铁行业工艺工程师和自动化人员提供从技术选型到落地的一站式指导及参考,同时也适合高等院校及相关科研人员参考使用,共同助力中国钢铁企业智能化升级。
目录
1 绪论........................................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703806 \h 1
1.1 背景.............................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703807 \h 1
1.2 意义.............................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703808 \h 1
2 机器视觉概述........................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703809 \h 3
2.1 机器视觉定义.............................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703810 \h 3
2.2 机器视觉发展历程...................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703811 \h 4
2.3 机器视觉功能分类...................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703812 \h 8
3 机器视觉硬件组成类型...................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703813 \h 11
3.1 光源............................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703814 \h 11
3.1.1 光源类型概述.................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703815 \h 11
3.1.2 参数与指标...................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703816 \h 17
3.1.3 光源选型.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703817 \h 18
3.2 镜头............................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703818 \h 20
3.2.1 光学镜头的功能及适配性.............................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703819 \h 20
3.2.2 光学镜头的基本参数...................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703820 \h 21
3.2.3 光学镜头的常见类型...................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703821 \h 22
3.2.4 工业镜头选择.................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703822 \h 29
3.2.5 工业镜头参数相互影响关系.......................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703823 \h 31
3.3 相机............................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703824 \h 32
3.3.1 工业相机原理.................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703825 \h 32
3.3.2 工业相机分类.................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703826 \h 33
3.3.3 工业相机常见参数.......................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703827 \h 35
3.4 附属设置.................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703828 \h 39
3.4.1 图像采集卡...................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703829 \h 39
3.4.2 传输接口.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703830 \h 41
3.4.3 标定设施.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703831 \h 44
4 机器视觉图像处理技术...................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703832 \h 49
4.1 图像处理功能分类.................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703833 \h 49
4.1.1 图像分类.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703834 \h 49
4.1.2 目标检测.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703835 \h 51
4.1.3 图像分割.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703836 \h 52
4.2 深度学习图像预处理技术........................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703837 \h 53
4.2.1 图像去噪.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703838 \h 53
4.2.2 图像灰度与二值化.......................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703839 \h 56
4.2.3 图像增强算法.................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703840 \h 57
4.2.4 边缘检测算法.................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703841 \h 59
4.2.5 图像插值.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703842 \h 62
4.3 深度学习图像处理技术............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703843 \h 63
4.3.1 深度学习原理.................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703844 \h 63
4.3.2 深度学习典型网络结构及原理...................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703845 \h 67
4.3.3 模型评估方法.................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703846 \h 76
5 机器视觉在钢材表面质量检测方面应用.......................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703847 \h 80
5.1 高温板坯表面质量在线检测.................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703848 \h 82
5.1.1 背景及现状介绍.............................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703849 \h 82
5.1.2 基于深度学习算法+线结构光3D成像的创新检测技术............................ PAGEREF _Toc190703850 \h 84
5.1.3 系统介绍.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703851 \h 85
5.1.4 检测过程及软件功能介绍.............................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703852 \h 91
5.2 高速热轧钢轨轮廓尺寸及表面质量在线检测........................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703853 \h 95
5.2.1 钢轨检测的需求背景...................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703854 \h 95
5.2.2 检测算法介绍................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703855 \h 103
5.2.3 应用效果验证................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703856 \h 118
5.3 冷轧带钢表面质量在线检测.................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703857 \h 119
5.3.1 应用需求背景................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703858 \h 119
5.3.2 系统构成........................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703859 \h 124
5.3.3 算法原理与系统功能.................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703860 \h 128
5.3.4 应用效果与发展趋势.................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703861 \h 136
5.4 彩涂板表面质量在线检测...................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703862 \h 138
5.4.1 彩涂板在线质检存在的挑战........................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703863 \h 138
5.4.2 检测系统方案介绍........................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703864 \h 140
5.4.3 多模型算法处理流程.................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703865 \h 145
5.4.4 效果验证........................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703866 \h 150
5.4.5 对未来的展望和期许.................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703867 \h 151
6 机器视觉在物料识别及检测方面应用............................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703868 \h 152
6.1 物料编码识别.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703869 \h 152
6.1.1 钢铁行业物料编码应用背景........................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703870 \h 152
6.1.2 基于深度学习的编码识别系统构成............................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703871 \h 156
6.1.3 算法原理及系统功能.................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703872 \h 161
6.1.4 应用效果及展望............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703873 \h 173
6.2 智能废钢验质应用.................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703874 \h 175
6.2.1 应用背景........................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703875 \h 175
6.2.2 智能废钢验质的原理及优缺点.................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703876 \h 176
6.2.3 智能废钢验质系统构成................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703877 \h 177
6.2.4 系统设计原理及主要功能............................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703878 \h 178
6.2.5 应用效果及展望............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703879 \h 187
6.3 原料粒度在线检测应用.......................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703880 \h 188
6.3.1 基于人工智能技术的原料粒度在线检测.................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703881 \h 190
6.3.2 系统设计原理及主要功能............................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703882 \h 193
6.3.3 应用效果及展望............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703883 \h 197
7 机器视觉在智慧安防及巡检方面应用............................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703884 \h 198
7.1 视觉检测智慧园区应用.......................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703885 \h 198
7.1.1 智慧园区应用背景........................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703886 \h 198
7.1.2 矿山智慧园区应用........................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703887 \h 199
7.2 大范围封闭式皮带运行过程巡检.......................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703888 \h 205
7.2.1 封闭式皮带在线检测.................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703889 \h 206
7.2.2 系统原理及功能............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703890 \h 208
7.2.3 应用效果及展望............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703891 \h 218
7.3 焦炉烟道巡检系统.................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703892 \h 219
7.3.1 应用背景........................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703893 \h 219
7.3.2 巡检机器人系统构成.................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703894 \h 222
7.3.3 系统原理及功能............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703895 \h 227
7.3.4 应用效果及展望............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703896 \h 234
7.4 矿山井下水泵房巡检.............................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703897 \h 235
7.4.1 挂轨式智能巡检系统.................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703898 \h 236
7.4.2 系统原理及功能............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703899 \h 239
7.4.3 应用效果及展望............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703900 \h 241
7.5 连退炉传动设备巡检.............................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc190703901 \h 242
7.5.1 挂轨式连退炉传动设备自动巡检系统........................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703902 \h 243
7.5.2 系统原理及功能............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703903 \h 246
7.5.3 应用效果及展望............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703904 \h 259
8 机器视觉技术在钢铁行业应用展望................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703905 \h 260
8.1 面向钢铁行业的机器视觉统一敏捷开发平台...................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703906 \h 260
8.1.1 应用背景........................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703907 \h 260
8.1.2 平台介绍........................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703908 \h 261
8.1.3 应用效果及展望............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703909 \h 265
8.2 大模型技术在钢铁工业领域应用.......................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc190703910 \h 266
8.2.1 大模型的发展现状及特点............................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703911 \h 267
8.2.2 大模型技术原理............................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703912 \h 269
8.2.3 大模型在钢铁行业领域的应用展望............................................................ PAGEREF _Toc190703913 \h 272



















